the entire wall." Chow, A.A. Lin, R.P. [87], Haplogroup I1-M253 (M253, M307, P30, P40) displays a very clear frequency gradient, with a peak frequency of approximately 35% among the populations of southern Norway, southwestern Sweden, and Denmark, and rapidly decreasing frequencies toward the edges of the historically Germanic-influenced world. The primary data for the sets of results (now nearly 550) currently available are given in 6 tables. Marketing cookies are used to track visitors across websites. A lengthy discussion of Viking raids is not useful here. One could determine whether the mutation has occurred in the line of H-003, and at what generation the mutation occurred, by having closer relatives of H-003 analyzed. However, as Chernow has pointed out, there have been suggestions that his father was a Stevens, in which case the Group I1-5 results would not be representative of an early Hamilton line. to the time of the Greek and Roman writers is very difficult. [2][3][4], Available evidence suggests that I-M170 was preceded into areas in which it would later become dominant by haplogroups K2a (K-M2308) and C1 (Haplogroup C-F3393). different groups had become tightly consolidated. A notable exception is Finland, where frequency in West Finns is up to 40%, and in certain provinces like Satakunta more than 50%. 129, 132 Ottar 19, p. 32 With DNA profile may have had an effect on the later developments. These marker sites are known to mutate quite rapidly so the variation observed is not unusual. One of the well documented Hamilton lines in Britain is the Raploch line which current evidence (see, for example, the 1933 book A History of the House of Hamilton by George Hamilton) indicates was initiated by Walter Hamilton, a brother of James1. The meaning of the term haplogroup will be considered later. Some descendant subclades have been found since pre-history in Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia, whereas others have long been present, at lower levels, in parts of West Asia . Cookies that the site cannot function properly without. I1-DF29+ represents 99% of all I1 lineages. The Group X1 table lists unmatched DNA profiles with haplogroups other than those in the haplogroup R1b family while the Group X2 table lists unmatched DNA profiles for those in the haplogroup R1b family. Therefore, although the initial capital letter used to define a haplogroup family will likely not change, some of the additional numbers and letters to further define the haplogroup may change with time and new terminal SNPs may be found. The marker values are a measure of how frequently particular sequences of DNA bases are repeated at each marker site on the Y-chromosome. Coastal Smi became increasingly more sedentary, This suggestion is supported by recent genetic studies regarding Y-DNA Haplogroup I2b2-L38 have concluded that there was some Late Iron Age migration of Celtic La Tne people, through Belgium, to the British Isles including north-east Ireland. In an attempt to place humans on a phylogenetic tree, anthropologists in recent years have mainly used so-called SNPs or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (in other words, substitution of one of the bases on the DNA backbone by a different base). R1b is commonly found in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Western France and North-Eastern Spain, whereas I1 exists predominantly in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, as well as Iceland, and also in smaller numbers in Finland. 6. The EDMUNDSON-GRANT-HARPER-NEWSOM-THORNTON group is YCAIIb=20, while others are YCAIIb=21. It is critical to understand that not all Vikings were I1 and not all I1 were Vikings. There are 7 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from Germany, . The profile must be set to public in order to add it. However about 4,000 BC farming was introduced into Denmark. In Mike Walsh's study of haplogroup The only holdouts Haplogroup I1 and Haplogroup I-M253 are synonyms. were the ancestors of the R1a Norse while the rest arrived from the 125 The earliest documentation of I1 is from Neolithic Hungary, although it must have separated from I2 at an earlier point in time. He is the ancestor of at least 4 descendant lineages known as I-Z141, I-A16593, I-E564, and I-FT383503. The lands where the I1 Haplogroup members began to settle were affected Individuals in this group have recently tested positive for SNPs Z58 and the terminal SNP L803. the east while the Goths were oriented towards Denmark and Norway in I1-Z58 and its subclades occurs at greatest frequency in northwest Europe. This corresponds to the arrival of the Indo-European, suggesting that a high percentage of the indigenous I1 men could possibly have been killed by the new immigrants. Anglo-Saxon king Alfred and describing his homeland. In addition, living examples of the precursor Haplogroup IJ* have been found only in Iran, among the Mazandarani and ethnic Persians from Fars. Such results imply that different members of closely related families with the approximate Group C Hamilton DNA profile took either the Hamilton, Frame or Scruggs surname when surnames came into common use in Lowland Scotland. This It is of some interest that the mother of James1 was Janet (Jacoba) Douglas (probably born about 1375), daughter of Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith and his first wife Agnes Dunbar. The first two participants in Group I1-7 (formerly Group P) are known to be related; they are from the Earl of Haddington line of Hamiltons so presumably this is the profile for descendants of that line. 'Grammaticus' means 'the For each group it is useful to focus on marker values that occur infrequently because their presence in a particular group is what really distinguishes one group from another. SNP that defines I1 haplogroup is M253. theories of I1, it's value being 9 for the former and 10 for the latter. But also R1a, R1b, G2, N, and a few others may well point to your Viking roots. may fit nicely with a different path into Scandinavia and a different This is consistent with the limited dispersion of marker values observed for those in Group B; the dispersion is about what would be expected for a 600 year (or about 20 generation) time period. James2 is the Hamilton (born about 1415 and died in 1479) who married Princess Mary Stewart, daughter of King James II of Scotland. Since King James VI of Scotland (King James I of England) is a descendant of this union, all Group B Hamiltons can thus claim kinship to the current British royal family and through them to virtually all the royal houses of Europe. Another indication that the values for the first 12 markers are common is the observation that many people with other surnames match Groups B and I1-3 exactly at the 12 marker level (currently over 3000 matches in the FTDNA database). Paper trails indicate that the five participants in Group R1b-11 are derived from David Hamilton who was born in 1620 in Cambuslang, Scotland. study their lineage splits as they, like many of us, seem to have at this writing, the southern group became the Viking invaders while It is most common in Scandinavia. Rootsi and colleagues in 2004 also note two other dates for a clade, age of STR variation, and time since population divergence. There are several instances of other surnames known to have this Group B profile and who do not have a known connection to a Hamilton. Much of these lower Two of the participants in Group R1b-9 are known to be related to one another as indicated in the Ancestors table but the similarities of their DNA profiles to those of the others in this group strongly suggests that all have a common ancestor in the recent past. Hugh Montgomery 122, 123 and So far, no one has The patriarch of the line to the Olivestob Hamiltons is George Hamilton who is a great grandson of Walter Fitzgilbert so he is one generation closer to Walter Fitzgilbert than James1. The values for the first 12 markers in these groups are in fact very common ones as found in the dispersion analysis for I1 individuals referred to previously; the specific value found for each of the first 12 markers for most of those in Groups B and I1-3 is the modal value for that marker in I1 individuals. Last updated by Gordon Hamilton June 2014, This question was answered by determining that well documented descendants of lines that branched off from the Walter Fitzgilbert line prior to James1 have the Group A profile. In the midst of this last great cold spell, very roughly about 25,000 years ago, a little baby boy was born with a mutation in his Y-chromosome. The Y chromosome in men contains information about the changes that have happened in the direct male lineage - these are called mutations. yDNA Haplogroup I1 / I-M253 (to view all results, set Page Size to 7000) 5,338 public Y-DNA members . The reason for this is that some of the marker values found for Group A are unusual. Understanding the The best up-to-date listing of haplogroups is maintained by the International Society of Genetic Genealogy at their ISOGG web site. of years, but key markers do unify the subclade (highlighted in red in E is an African haplogroup but it occurs to a small extent in Europe and Britain, possibly arriving in the latter during Roman times. However, its not 100% definitive. However, in most cases the haplogroup was not determined by direct analysis because it has been possible to correlate certain patterns of STR marker values with the SNP analysis. STRs occur in each generation and help to uniquely identify a person and their haplotype. Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. It is suspected that this Osborn may have initiated this Hamilton line. Density map of HG I1. The proposed candidates include haplogroup C3, haplogroup Q, haplogroup R1b and haplogroup C2. The intention is to display ads that are relevant and engaging for the individual user and thereby more valuable for publishers and third party advertisers. I1 is overwhelmingly a As presented previously, the DNA results for his descendants are given in Group I1-5 and they do not match those for any other haplogroup I1 line. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of I1 lived from 3,500 years ago somewhere in the far northern part of Europe, perhaps Denmark, according to Nordtvedt. and he certainly proved he was with his 16-book heroic history of the many authors - Group A or I1-1 (Haplo I1a2a1a1a1 or I-L338). geography and a time period. The Saami of the north were oriented towards the west as far ruled out. Join. While many men belonging to I1 have traced their paternal lines in . The Group B DNA profile has unusual STR values at some sites, so unusual in fact that the presence of a combination of these values for a known haplogroup I1 individual virtually ensures that the person must be closely related to the Group B Hamiltons, regardless of surname. 2. Through DNA testing, it is possible to effectively trace your potential inner Viking and discover whether it forms part of your genetic makeup or not. Although the four participants in Group R1b-10 with 37 markers have similar marker values, they differ enough that it is likely their most recent common ancestor was several generations ago, probably before their lines immigrated to America. . Haplogroup I1 is the most common I subclade in northern Europe. Edmund Rice, an early immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony and a founder of Sudbury and Marlborough, belonged to haplogroup I1. I once heard a Recently it has been observed that the Hamilton I1-6 profile matches that of an Osborn profile (Family Group 9). 129 One can conclude that James1 has the Group B From what I'm reading Of course, this area was shortly to be overrun with the members of the Our ancestors separated about that date. [10] TMRCA is an estimate of the time of subclade divergence. The observation that their DNA profiles match is strong evidence that the same person fathered the two sons. A new terminal SNP for people with this profile has recently been identified. As indicated by the results, a mutation has occurred at DYS19/394 in one of the lines from John but it is not known in which line this has occurred. Rather they indicate that there was an early "non-paternal event" (conception by a male other than a Walter Fitzgilbert male line descendant) in the senior male line and that those in Group A rather than those in Group B are the direct all male line descendants of Walter Fitzgilbert. There are two main I-Y3664 Schleswig-Holstein, Normandy and Guernsey. That is done via the PHP session cookie. I-L840 ~ 4250 BCE I-M253 ~ 2600 BCE I-M253 descendants are from these countries This map shows the spread of Haplogroups R1b, I and R1a (12,000 years ago). . I1d-L22 was probably born early in the history of I1 in the very south of Scandinavia or in the very north of Germany --- Baltic coast, Schleswig or Jutland? The I1 branch of the human tree is some 20,000 years old. If we fast forward to 12 000 years ago as shown here, the ice has retreated and the land has become much more supportive to life. Another Hamilton line thought to be derived from Walter Fitzgilbert is the line leading to Alexander Hamilton (the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the founding fathers of the US). With the exceptions that are pointed out in the Ancestors table, many of the participants in the groups given in the first 4 tables were previously unaware of any relationship to each other. the Saami were more settled. Living DNA Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales with number: 10221519. Nordtvedt has separated the haplogroup I1 individuals into a large number of subclades based on their STR DNA profiles and has calculated from the data the approximate dates when each subclade separated. Deep Ancestry of the Hamiltons. If his father was James Hamilton, with whom his mother was living when he was born, then the evidence is fairly good that he is derived from one of the well established Hamilton lines. , , Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic ISOGG Ybrowse.org - Look up positions on Y-SNPs :https://ybrowse.org/gb2/gbrowse/chrY/? Possible place of origin: Northern Europe Descendants: I1a (DF29/S438); I1b (S249/Z13. This page has been accessed 4,329 times. There are 2,517 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from England, Germany, United States, and 45 other countries. Among European haplotypes, DYS455=8 is virtually exclusive 150 km to the east. apparently he lived sometime between 100 AD - 250 AD. Names ending with howe and thorp are just a couple of examples of traces left from these times. At the same site, two twin boys were also found, both were assigned to haplogroup I*. For the six Hamilton I1 lines (I1-1 to I1-5 and I1-9) where the SNP pathway from the basic haplogroup I1 start is known Nordtvedt has estimated the pathways to each of the known terminal SNPs separated about 3600 to 4200 years ago. 8. These are known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thanks to an interesting part of DNA testing called subclades, we are able to see where mutations occurred in space and time. In contrast to the results in the first four tables, none of the results in the other two tables (Group X1 and Group X2) is a close match to any other in these two tables or to the results given for the various groups in the first 4 tables. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. However none of these changes in boat technology had any direct effect The DNA profile for the Group C Hamiltons is very similar (including values of 21,21 at YCAIIa,b) to the profiles for several in the Frame and Scruggs surname studies. It is a subgroup of haplogroup IJ, which itself is a derivative of the haplogroup IJK. (In an article published in December 2011 Henry Lloyd Hamilton has summarized some of the historical events occuring in Scotland around 1390, the time of the conception of James1. you can see, just below that are the indicators of deeper SNP testing Genetic information is carried in your DNA. Thus, at this time we cannot come to any definite conclusions whether Alexander Hamilton's father was, or was not, a Hamilton and whether the DNA results of Group I1-5 represent those of an early Hamilton line. The same goes for a woman who has two daughters whose matrilineal descendants have done matching mtDNA tests. These are (1) Group A, (2) Group B, (3) Haplo E, G, J & more I Groups, (4) Haplo R Groups, (5) Group X1, and (6) Group X2. Balkans before finding their way into Northern Europe, then sprinting Some of the older poems are believed to have been in existence long Luckily, folks like Ken Nordtvedt are examining them closely and adding Haplogroups R, Q, N, and O could very well be descendants of Japheth, since they are found where descendants of Japheth are traced to. Today, Lindisfarne. Thus, it is of interest to determine from which ancient and established British Hamilton line each of the various DNA groups determined here are derived from. Expressed differently and perhaps more clearly, this chart makes it Although the match of one couple with the next is not great, they are close enough that it is likely that the individuals in this group have a common ancestor in the recent past. Complicating this situation is that there is some lingering doubt whether Alexander Hamilton is biologically really a Hamilton, as has been discussed in a recent biography of the statesman written by Ron Chernow. It is likely that the 21,21 values at YCAIIa,b arose early in the derivation of this Hamilton line by a RecLOH event (see earlier discussion) because these markers are on a palindrome of the Y-DNA and are thus subject to such events. As can be seen from an examination of the data in the Group A table, this group has more members (about 35% of all the participants) than any of the other groups. [96] A 2014 study examining the correlation between Y-DNA haplogroups and height found a correlation between the haplogroups I1, R1b-U106, I2a1b-M423 and tall males. The original breakup of I into multiple surviving branch lines occured in SE Europe. Associated with the Norse ethnicity, it is found in all places invaded by the ancient Germanic tribes and the Vikings. This is evident from an early analysis of the dispersion in values for those in haplogroup I1 (referred to as haplogroup I1a in earlier years). The DNA profiles for four well documented descendants of the Raploch Hamiltons (H-190, H-201, H-267 and H-420) have now been determined and they match the Group A profile. 133 However, these three marker sites are known to be on a palindromic or hairpin section of the Y-DNA and the three changes can be explained by only one mutation, a so-called 'Recombinational Loss of Heterozygosity' or RecLOH event. The role of the Balkans as a long-standing corridor to Europe from Anatolia and/or the Caucasus is shown by the common phylogenetic origins of both haplogroups I and J in the parent haplogroup IJ (M429). Join Geni to explore your genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. I1d is a north European clade, but it is not as north in origin as the Scandinavian haplogroup, although that's where a large fraction of the I1d ended up. Mobile bands of hunters used the [91], Haplogroup I2a1b-M423 is the most frequent Y-chromosome haplogroup I-M170 in Central and Eastern European populations, reaching its peak in the Western Balkans, most notably in Dalmatia (5060%[30]) and Bosnia-Herzegovina (up to 71%,[92] avg. This page was last edited on 10 March 2023, at 22:32. If the results are identical then one could conclude that the foregoing possibilities have not occurred in either of the lines. about 700 AD. In between the ice and the tree line, drought-tolerant grasses and loess dunes would have dominated the landscape. The Ancestors table can be accessed either by clicking on this term here or at the top of the page, or by clicking the code for a particular individual in the primary results tables. He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as I-BY51190 and 1 yet unnamed lineage. Haplogroup I2a1a-M26 is notable for its strong presence in Sardinia. The modal value for each marker was determined by choosing the value that would lead to the actual marker values for all members of the group with the least total number of mutations required. This image shows Palaeolithic Europe 18 000 years ago in the grip of the last ice age. great quote - "When you find one brick out of place, you'd better check royal scribe was taking notes and these survive to this day. This page will take you through whatever can be known about the I1 The cookie name is prefixed with a long, randomly generated string, followed by _identity. There are a major source of Norse tradition and mythology. Group B (or Group I1-II) Haplogroup in Scandinavia. [11], The five known cases of Haplogroup I from Upper Paleolithic European human remains make it one of the most frequent haplogroup from that period. Thus, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all of haplogroup I1 lived about 6,000 years ago. Description: Protects us and you as a user against Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks. HAMILTON SURNAME DNA RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, Prepared by Gordon Hamilton, Project Coordinator, 1. It is thought to have arrived from the Middle East as haplogroup IJ sometime between 45,000 and 30,000 years ago and developed into haplogroup I about 25,000 years ago. Early History of the I1 Joris R. Delanghe, Marijn M. Speeckaert, in Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 2022 4.3 Haplogroup R. Haplogroup R, or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, which is numerous and widespread among modern populations. Whether earlier generations of the Earl of Haddington line had this profile remains to be determined. You can read a lot of things with a reading of markers that are characteristic to your DNA. [14] Rootsi and colleagues in 2004 suggested that each of the ancestral populations now dominated by a particular subclade of Haplogroup I-M170 experienced an independent population expansion immediately after the Last Glacial Maximum. I think that applies here. south in steady and ongoing expansions from the Germanic tribes. [97] The study featured the measured average heights of young German, Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Serbian and Bosnian men. Scandinavia was a coastal culture. As more results are obtained it is expected that matches will be found with more of those in Groups X1 and X2, but it is likely that additional Hamilton lines will also be found. In the post-Viking period, while the Other authors have said that Odin was real. The mutations identified with Haplogroup I-M253 (Y-DNA) are M253, M307, P30, and P40. as Iceland and Greenland. Sir John is a grandson of Walter Fitzgilbert de Hamilton, in other words two generations closer to Walter Fitzgilbert than the James1 discussed previously. For some time the different groups with matching DNA profiles in the Hamilton project have been named using letters of the alphabet with each subsequent letter being assigned chronologically as each matching group was found. A natural geographical corridor like the Balkans is likely to have been used later by members of other subclades of IJ, as well as other haplogroups, including those associated with Early European Farmers. located along the major rivers and lakes in the foothills zone about As Associated with the Norse ethnicity, it is found in all places invaded by the ancient Germanic tribes and the Vikings. before their addition to this book and, therefore, to be a somewhat It has long been accepted that the current Duke of Abercorn is the senior male heir of the Hamiltons with his all male line from Walter Fitzgilbert de Hamilton being very well documented. Underhill, N.M. Myres, S. Rootsi, C.T. They are known to be derived from Captain John Hamilton of Monea and Tullyreny, Co Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, who lived in the late 1600s. The R-L21 haplogroup family is the most common haplogroup family in Scotland so it is not too surprising that many Hamiltons are members of this family which includes at least Groups R1b-5 to R1b-8 and R1b-16. [1] This may indicate that IJ originated in South West Asia. peoples gained influence. The first mutation that gives rise to subclade I2 appeared 7,750 years ago*. indications in their work Odin (The search for Odin) that suggests that Northward migrating humans arrived in Denmark by about 10,000 BC after The Gravettians expanded westwards from the far corner of Eastern Europe, likely Russia, to Central Europe. vga white light on asus motherboard, st margaret's hospital epping department map, 2013 ford f150 4x4 output speed sensor location,
